- Detection of subtle changes within biomolecules, such as drug interactions, tissue healing, cosmetics, disease diagnosis
- Intercellular SERS localization and interaction, identification of drug binding to cells for Drug-DNA and cellular interaction analysis
- Investigation of microorganisms in single cells; yeast cell classifications, single bacterium
- Molecular level cancer detection (cervical, lung, etc.)
- Cardiovascular disease diagnosis (atherosclerosis)

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